Electroplating, as a kind of industrial basic process technology, has a very wide range of applications in processing. Industrial parts are processed by electroplating process, and the surface of the parts is plated with an electroplating layer with special physical and chemical properties. On the one hand, it can increase the protection and wear resistance of the parts, and on the other hand, it can also play a certain decorative role. The electroplating process can significantly improve the performance of parts and components. In the manufacturing industry, some parts are mainly electroplated with chrome and zinc. Chrome plating can improve the wear resistance of the workpiece; galvanized parts can enhance the anti-corrosion performance and play a beautifying effect. The quality of electroplating parts plays a decisive role in the quality of equipment, so it is necessary to analyze the main reasons for determining the quality of electroplating layers and take targeted improvement measures. The author analyzes the main reasons for determining the quality of electroplating from the perspective of internal factors and external factors.

1 Internal factors that determine the quality of the electroplating layer

(1) The degree of bonding between the pretreatment coating of the parts and the surface of the parts, the aesthetics and the quality of the anti-corrosion ability are all closely related to the quality of the pretreatment work on the surface of the parts. The residual oil, metal oxide scale and rust on the surface of the parts hinder the contact between the electroplating layer and the surface of the metal parts, which will have a great impact on the quality of electroplating. If there is a very thin oil film or oxide film on the surface of the plated part, although the appearance of the plated layer will not be greatly affected, it will greatly weaken the bonding force of the plated layer. Therefore, proper implementation of the pretreatment of components is an important prerequisite for obtaining high-quality electroplating products. In the pretreatment work, degreasing, decontamination and rust removal washing liquids with appropriate concentrations should be used, and the oily stains floating on the surface of the solution should be removed in time. With the long use process, the impurity content in the liquid increases, and the cleaning ability will continue to decrease, so it must be replaced regularly during processing.

(2) The influence of the electroplating solution on the quality of the electroplating layer

The ratio of different components in the electroplating solution needs to be maintained within the optimal electroplating process range. In electroplating production, the chemical solution content in the tank must be regularly analyzed and analyzed to ensure that the distribution ratio of each component is within the allowable process. Secondly, based on the difference in production task volume, various components should be supplemented in time according to the laboratory analysis, and before the impurity content in the electroplating solution exceeds the appropriate range, the electroplating solution should be processed and purified in time, so that the electroplating solution can be maintained in the most suitable range. within the operating range. In addition, during the electroplating process, for many different reasons, harmful impurities are mixed into the electroplating solution. Since the types and characteristics of these impurities are different, and the influence of the same impurity on different electroplating solutions is also different, it is necessary to combine the actual electroplating production situation and use the Hexcel tank to analyze the performance of the electroplating solution and electroplating under specific conditions. The influence caused by the quality of the layer, and the impurities in the plating solution should be dealt with in time.

(3) Control of electroplating process conditions

The control of the electroplating process conditions determines the quality of the electroplating layer to a large extent. Therefore, reasonable control of the process conditions of different electroplating tasks is the key to improving the quality of the coating, which requires practical work experience. The adjustment and selection of electroplating process parameters such as current density, temperature and pH environment are very important. Taking chrome plating as an example, when the current density and temperature conditions are not suitable, the cathodic current efficiency, coating tightness and appearance of the electroplating solution have a significant impact. In the case of high temperature, the current density should be increased as appropriate to achieve suitable coating requirements. Various conditions will restrict each other, so the inability to control the process conditions correctly and reasonably will greatly affect the overall quality of electroplating products.

2 The main external factors that affect the quality of the electroplating layer

(1) The storage and packaging of products are in the atmospheric environment, and ferrous metals usually use galvanized layers to avoid corrosion. However, once the zinc coating comes into contact with alkyd paint, phenolic paint, phenolic plastic, plywood, damp wood and other materials, it will rapidly corrode the zinc coating, and the corrosion products will gradually thicken over time. In the environment of a small amount of organic volatile gas, the atmospheric corrosion process is accelerated, which is usually called atmospheric corrosion. Paints, resins, plastics and other materials may cause atmospheric corrosion. The higher the concentration of the organic volatile atmosphere in the atmospheric environment, the more serious the corrosion caused to the electroplating layer. In addition, the volatile organic atmosphere will only cause corrosion to the zinc coating under humid conditions. That is to say, in dry air, it is usually difficult for corrosion to occur. Therefore, isolating the organic volatilization atmosphere and keeping the air dry has a positive effect on the protection of the galvanized layer. Therefore, when electroplating products are stored, the environment of the warehouse must be well controlled to prevent atmospheric corrosion of parts. Moreover, in the transportation process, the packaging of the product will have a direct impact on the corrosion resistance of electroplated parts. For galvanized parts, they must be packed in wooden boxes, and an appropriate amount of desiccant must be added to the inner packaging to ensure that parts are not corroded and product quality is guaranteed.

(2) The influence of human factors on the quality of electroplating Human factors are the most significant and huge factor for the quality of the coating in the entire electroplating process. In the electroplating production process, it is not difficult to find that under the same conditions of electroplating process, production equipment and raw materials, the appearance quality of electroplating products will be different due to the difference of operators, and there may even be product quality problems. Avoid or reduce the impact of human factors on the quality of the electroplating layer. Therefore, in the actual electroplating work, first of all, we should formulate and improve standardized standardized operation specifications to promote the standardization process of electroplating work. Secondly, it is necessary to give full play to the management rights of management workers, to supervise and inspect the implementation of electroplating process specifications at the production site from time to time, and to improve the supervision and inspection files in a timely manner. In addition, more attention should be paid to the laboratory analysis position, and efforts should be made to improve the professional skills of the analysis team to ensure that the components of the electroplating solution are maintained within the most suitable range. Third, employees of electroplating operations should be organized to conduct regular professional skills training and assessment to ensure that the operating skills of on-the-job workers meet the relevant requirements of electroplating production.

(3) The influence of the production system of electroplating enterprises on the quality of electroplating In the production of electroplating enterprises, the production process of some parts needs to go through the cooperation of many different departments, and electroplating is the last process, and there are often scratches and construction periods. The phenomenon of tension and rushing goods in consecutive shifts has caused the electroplating time not to meet the process requirements and restricted the quality of electroplating products. Coordinate the effective transfer and processing period of the production department, and reserve enough processing time for the electroplating process to ensure the quality of electroplating products.

(4) The influence of design drawings on the quality of electroplating. Usually, the parts that need to be electroplated are only marked with the plating type on the drawing, and the markings on the electroplated surface are relatively small, which makes the defective products often produced during the electroplating process. In key parts, the electroplating process should ensure the adhesion and appearance of the electroplating layer without obvious defects. Therefore, the key positions of electroplating must be clearly marked on the drawings, so as to better select the hanger and the hanging position to ensure the quality of the electroplating workpiece. The improvement of the quality of electroplating products will better serve the actual needs of the manufacturing industry, and can also greatly promote the overall development of my country's electroplating industry. In short, we should pay attention to and deal with the impact of internal or external reasons on the quality of electroplated parts in electroplating production. Based on my own work experience, the author has made a simple analysis and discussion on the reasons that determine the quality of the electroplating layer. However, how to improve the quality of electroplating products also depends on the joint efforts of the entire electroplating industry.